測土配方施肥對皖北砂姜黑土區(qū)夏玉米產量及肥料利用率的影響

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中圖分類號 S513 文獻標識碼A 文章編號 1007-7731（2025）12-0019-04

DOI號 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.12.005

Effects of soil testing and formula fertilization on summer maize yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency in the shajiang black soil area of Northern Anhui Province

LIYunchao

（Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Qiaocheng District，Bozhou 2368O0， China）

AbstractTo explore green and high yield cultivation technology for maize in the shajiang black soil region of Northern Anhui Province，a comparative experiment onsummer maizewith soil testing and formulated fertilization versus conventional fertilization wasconducted，using the maize variety Hangxing OO7 in the shajiang black soil area of Dayang Town，Qiaocheng District，Bozhou City，Anhui Province.The experiment included 6 treatments： conventional full-fertilizerplot（ONK），soiltestingandformulatedful-fertilizerplot （NPK）， nitrogen-fr plot（K），phosphouree plot （NK），potassium-freeplot （NP），andunfertilizedcontrolplot（CK）.Thestudyinvestigatedtheeffectsofdiffrent fertilization treatments onmaizeagronomic traits，yield，and fertilizeruseeficiency.Theresultsshowed thattheNPK treatment efectively improved maize agronomic traits，with higher plant height，stem diameter，and seed settingrate， reaching 272.1 cm，2.2 cm，and 87.2% ，respectively.The yields of the treatments，ranked from highest to lowest，were NPK > ONK > NK > NP > PK>CK，with the NPK treatment achieving the highestyield of 8 981.5kg/hm2 ，a 3.74% increase compared to the ONK treatment.Regarding nutrient content in maize plants and fertizer use eficiency，the NPK treatment exhibited higher nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium content in maize stalks，as wellas higher phosphorus and potassiumcontent in grains.The nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassum fertilizer use eficiencies under the NPK treatment were 42.64% ， 21.18% ，and 44.07% ，respectively.The economic benefits of NPK treatment was the highest，at 14 892.6 yuan/hm2，a 5.39% increase compared to the ONK treatment. The application of soil testing and formulated fertilization technologyintheshajiang black soil area ofthestudyareacanenhance theeficiencyof maizefertilizer utilization，and promote maize yield and increase income.

Keywordssoil testingand formulated fertilization;maize;yield; fertilizer utilization rate

肥料在玉米種植過程中具有重要作用，合理施用化肥能夠提高土壤中的養(yǎng)分含量，滿足玉米作物對氮、磷、鉀等營養(yǎng)元素的需求，有效提高玉米產量。（剩余4275字）