準格爾旗2022年生態(tài)變化及黃河凌汛分析

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基金項目 準格爾旗科技創(chuàng)新項目“準格爾旗黃河凌汛風(fēng)險預(yù)測研究”（2020YY-03）。

作者簡介 馬越界（1985—），男，內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯人，高級工程師，主要從事天氣預(yù)報、強對流天氣分析研究。

收稿日期 2023-09-10

Ecological change and Yellow River ice flood analysis in Zhungeer Banner in 2022

Ma Yue-jie （Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Zhungeer Banner Meteorological Burea， Ordos， Inner Mongolia 010700）

Abstract An analysis was conducted on the climate conditions， ecological changes， remote sensing of key industrial and mining areas， and the progress of river opening in the Ordos section of the Yellow River in Zhungeer Banner in 2022 and 2021. The following conclusions were drawn： （1） The temperature in Zhungeer Banner was slightly higher from January to October 2022， and the groundwater level was affected by less precipitation in the early stage， resulting in a lower water level. Since the beginning of the flood season， the water level has significantly increased and the groundwater level has decreased; （2） From early August to early September 2022， the vegetation coverage of Zhungeer Banner reached its peak throughout the year. Due to the influence of precipitation， the overall vegetation coverage of the entire banner was better than that of previous years and the same period last year after the end of the flood season; （3） The water area of Shuijing Lake in Zhungeer Banner is 25 7000 square meters， a decrease of 9 000 square meters compared to the same period in 2021; The Kubuqi Desert area in Zhungeer Banner is 53.07 km2， accounting for approximately 0.69% of the entire Banner， which is 8.46 km2 larger than the desert area of the same period in 2021; （4） In terms of remote sensing monitoring of the Yellow River ice flood， a total of 25 clear ditches were discovered in the Zhungeer Banner section of the Yellow River during the river opening period， with a total area of approximately 6.65 km2. The scope of clear ditches is gradually expanding.

Key words Remote sensing; Ecological change; Ice flood

摘要 分析了準格爾旗2022年和2021年年度氣候條件、生態(tài)變化、重點工礦區(qū)遙感和黃河鄂爾多斯段開河進度，得出以下結(jié)論：（1）準格爾旗2022年1—10月氣溫略高，地下水位前期受到降水量偏少影響，水位偏低，汛期開始至今，水位明顯上漲，地下水位數(shù)值縮??；（2）2022年8月初至9月初準格爾旗植被覆蓋度達到全年峰值，受降水影響，全旗植被覆蓋度在汛期結(jié)束后，總體優(yōu)于歷年及去年同期；（3）準格爾旗境內(nèi)水鏡湖水體面積為25.7萬m2，較2021年同期縮小0.9萬m2；準格爾旗境內(nèi)庫布齊沙漠面積為53.07 km2，約占全旗0.69%，較2021年同期沙漠面積相比偏大8.46 km2；（4）黃河凌汛遙感監(jiān)測方面，開河期間黃河準格爾旗段共發(fā)現(xiàn)清溝25條，總面積約為6.65 km2，清溝范圍在逐步擴大。（剩余2784字）