梨園土肥管理現(xiàn)狀、問題及綠色提質(zhì)增效途徑

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中圖分類號(hào)：S661.2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1002－2910（2025）03-0001-06

Current status， issues，and pathway for green quality improvement and efficiency enhancement in pear orchards

DONG Caixia

（CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalSciences，NanjingAgriculturalUniversity/KeyLaboratoryofOrganic Fertilizers inJiangsu Province，Nanjing，Jiangsu21oo95，China）

Abstract：Pear orchards in China commonly face critical issues，such as low soil organic matter content，increasing soil acidification，imbalanced fertilization structure，and low nutrient-use efficiency.This study systematically analyzed these challenges in current pear orchard soil and fertilization practices.We propose an efficient fertilization principle，integrating soil fertility enhancement， optimal nutrient management，and functional microbes for nutrient efficiency.A quality-efficiency centered technical model is established，featuring organic substitution，root-fruit health optimization，three improvementsand two supplements，precision regulation and water-fertilizercoupling.Thisapproach achieves improved soil fertility，reduced chemical fertilizer use，and enhanced fruit quality.Providing theoretical and practical frameworks forsustainable pear production and green quality-efficiency synergy.

Key words：pear orchard; soil-fertilizer management; efficient fertilization principle；green quality improvement and efficiency enhancement

土壤和肥料是農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的基本保障，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部于2015年發(fā)布《到2020年化肥使用零增長(zhǎng)行動(dòng)方案》，2020年全國化肥施用量實(shí)現(xiàn)零增長(zhǎng)，化肥利用率提高到 40.5% ；2022年農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部再次提出《到2025年化肥減量化行動(dòng)方案》，要求化肥使用量繼續(xù)實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)中有降，肥料利用率提升至 43% 。（剩余9593字）