金屬材料鍛造和熱處理行業(yè)的節(jié)能研究進(jìn)展

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Abstract：The forgingandheat treatment processes of metalic materialsarecharacterizedbyhigh levels of polltion and energy consumption. Optimizing these processes for energy efficiency is of great importance for promoting green industrial upgrading. Numerous scholars have proposed optimization strategies from various perspectives， including experimental methods，numerical simulations，and artificial inteligence.These advancements have not only enhanced production eficiency for enterprises but also improved energyutilization，contributing to low-carbon development.This paper provides a systematic overview of the forging and heat treatment processes for metallic materials，categorizing energy-saving optimization strategies into three mainapproaches： experimental methods， numericalsimulations，and artificial intelligence.The advantages andlimitationsofeachapproachare analyzedand discussed. Among them， numerical simulations enable comprehensive analysis to optimize production processes but are limited by the long computation time.In recent years，numerical simulation techniques have increasingly evolved toward digital twin applications，allowing real-time interaction between predictive results and actual production processes，thereby achieving dynamic optimization.

Keywords：energy-saving；metal forging；heat treatment； optimizationalgorithm

1序言

改革開放近五十年來，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了高速增長，GDP增長了328.8倍，人均GDP增長了234.6倍[，，能源消費(fèi)總量從1978年的5.71億t標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤增長到2023年57.2億t標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤[2]，能源消費(fèi)總量變化趨勢及增長率如圖1所示。（剩余17142字）