中國(guó)奶業(yè)生產(chǎn)生命周期溫室氣體排放評(píng)估

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中圖分類號(hào)：X828；S8-1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A

Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Life Cycle of China’s Dairy Industry Production

HAN Yuqing， FAN Xing

（Instituteof Environmentand Ecology，Shandong Normal University，Jinan25O358，Shandong，China）

Abstract：To accuratelyquantifythe contribution of China's dairy industry production process to grenhousegas emissions，three gas categories （carbon dioxide CO2 ，methane CH4 ，and nitrous oxide N2O），four production stages（feed cropplanting，feed processing，dairyanimal rearing，anddairyproduct processing），and four productionsystems（grazing system，smallholder system，coperative systemand intensivesystem）were distinguished toaccount forthe greenhouse gas emisions of dairy production in China in 2O2O based onthe lifecycleanalysis method.Theresults show that the total greenhouse gas emissions from China’s dairy production in 2O2O amounted to 5.171 53 Φ×107 t （calculated in CO2 equivalents）， CH4 accounted for the largest share of total greenhouse gas emissions，with enteric fermentation in the dairyfarming stage being the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions，and the intensivesystem represented the most significant emiterof greenhouse gases amongthe production systems.In2O2O，the greenhouse gas emission intensities （calculated in CO2 equivalents）for liquid milk，milk powder，and other dairy products produced in China were 1.47， 12.99，and 12.50kg/kg ，respectively. Compared with other production systems，the intensive system had the lowest greenhouse gas emission per unit of raw milk produced.

Keywords：greenhouse gas emission； intensive system； life cycle； dairy production

自工業(yè)革命以來(lái)，化石燃料燃燒、農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)以及土地利用變化等人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致了大量的溫室氣體排放，加劇了全球變暖，給生態(tài)環(huán)境、人類健康以及社會(huì)安全帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重威脅[1] C為了應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化，《巴黎協(xié)定》提出把全球平均氣溫上升幅度限制在 1.5°C 以內(nèi)的長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)；然而，如果食物系統(tǒng)不減少溫室氣體排放， 1.5°C 的溫控目標(biāo)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)[2]。（剩余14844字）