有機(jī)肥替代部分化肥對青貯玉米產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)及土壤肥力的影響

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關(guān)鍵詞：青貯玉米；有機(jī)肥替代；產(chǎn)量；品質(zhì)；土壤肥力中圖分類號(hào)：S147.5；S158.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1007-0435（2025）05-1702-11

Abstract： The effects of replacing 10% ， 20% and 30% fertilizer nitrogen with bio-organic fertilizer，replacing 20% fertilizer nitrogen with cow manure，sheep manure and earthworm fertilizer on yield were studied through field experiments.The aim is to provide scientific basis for the rational utilization of nutrient resources and the increase offertilizer efficiency in silage maize production in Hexiarea.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization，organic fertilizer substitution ofpartial chemical fertilizer could promotethe growth of silage maize，improve the economic traits ofthe ear，and increase the fresh forage yield and grain yield by 7.08- 25.64% and 0.09%-32.73% ，respectively.Under the same substitution ratio of 20% ，the yield increase effect of cow manure treatment was the largest.Organic fertilizer substitution of partial chemical fertilizer improved the nutritional quality efectively，with the best efect achieved by replacing 20% of the nitrogen in chemical fertilizer with cow manure.The total starch and crude fat content of the whole plant were increased by 45.20% and 23.08% ，while the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content were decreased by 27.97% and 34.54% ，respectively. Organic fertilizer substitution of partial chemical fertilizer improved the soil organic mater，alkali-soluble nitrogen，available phosphorus，and available potasium content，increasing by （20 3.41%-18.19% ，11. 17%-25.59% ，11. 22%-53.46% ，and 1.83%-26.21% ， respectively. Under the conditions of this study，the optimal scheme for substituting 20% of fertilizer nitrogen with cow manure for silage maize was proposed.

Key words：Silage maize ; Organic fertilizer substitution; Yield ;Quality ;Soil fertility

青貯玉米（Zeamays）是指在乳熟末期至蠟熟初期刈割整株玉米并經(jīng)青貯發(fā)酵后用于飼喂家畜的一類玉米[]，具有生長迅速、產(chǎn)量高、成本低、營養(yǎng)豐富、適口性好、耐貯藏等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)已成為畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展不可或缺的基礎(chǔ)飼草[2]。（剩余15653字）