干熱河谷經(jīng)濟樹種牛油果生長和水肥需求特性研究進展

摘 要：高效的水肥管理是實現(xiàn)干熱河谷牛油果優(yōu)質高產(chǎn)的主要技術。該文概述了牛油果植物學特征，分析了牛油果對大、中、微量營養(yǎng)元素的需求特性、耐鹽特性和水分需求特性，指出牛油果全年可生長，根系脆弱，需要大量的鈣養(yǎng)分供應，其灌溉設計的作物參數(shù)應取值在0.6～0.8。

關鍵詞：牛油果;生長特征;水肥需求特征;干熱河谷;研究進展

中圖分類號 S667.9 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731（2022）10-0047-05

Recent Advances in the Growth Characteristics and Water and Fertilizer Demand Characteristics of Avocado （An Economic Tree Species） in Dry-Hot Valley

YANG Yulin1  QI Peisen1  YANG Yongzhi1   WANG Xie2   YOU Jiyong1   HUANG Lanying1   ZHANG Hao1

HE Wei1

（1Sichuan Academy of  Forestry， Ecological Restoration and Conservation on Forest and Wetland Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province， Chengdu 610081， China; 2Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Chengdu 610066， China）

Abstract： Efficient water and fertilizer management technology is the main technical means to achieve high quality and high yield of avocado in dry-hot valley. On the basis of summarizing the botanical characteristics of avocado， this paper summarized the demand characteristics of large， medium and tiny nutrients， salt tolerance characteristics and water demand characteristics of avocado. The results showed that the annual growth of avocado did not stop， and its root system was fragile， which required a lot of calcium supply. Meanwhile， the crop parameters for irrigation design should be between 0.6 and 0.8.

Key words： Avocado; Growth characteristics; Water and fertilizer demand characteristics; Hot-Dry Valley; Advances

牛油果，中文學名鱷梨（Persea americana Mill.），又名油梨、樟梨、酷梨、奶油果、幸福果，為樟科牛油果屬植物，原產(chǎn)熱帶美洲地區(qū)[1]。（剩余13690字）