莫高窟第285窟南壁圖像與北壁發(fā)愿文關(guān)系試論

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內(nèi)容摘要：對(duì)莫高窟第285窟南壁壁畫內(nèi)容做了系統(tǒng)解讀，認(rèn)為它們主要是對(duì)應(yīng)北壁發(fā)愿文中“愿佛法興隆，魔事微滅”之“魔事”，即殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語等內(nèi)容而繪制的，反映了營(yíng)造該窟的主體思想。此外，畫面中還指出了破除魔事之法要，即通過讀誦經(jīng)典、布施、護(hù)持正法等行為來獲得拔濟(jì)。

關(guān)鍵詞：莫高窟第285窟；南壁壁畫；發(fā)愿文；魔事

中圖分類號(hào)：K879.21  文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A  文章編號(hào)：1000-4106（2024）06-0026-08

A Preliminary Study on the Relationship between the Paintings

on the South Wall and the Votive Text on the North Wall of

Mogao Cave 285

SONG Yanpeng

（Information Center for Dunhuang Studies， Dunhuang Academy， Dunhuang 736200， Gansu）

Abstract：This paper conducts a systematic analysis of the paintings on the south wall of Mogao cave 285， and argues that they were created primarily to act as a response to the“Māra-deeds” theme mentioned in the votive text on the north wall of the same cave. The relevant passage of the text reads， “May the dharma prosper and the Māra-deeds disappear”; “Māra-deeds” included killing， stealing， sexual misconduct， and reckless speech. The paintings thus reflect the religious principles the owners of the cave wished to enshrine when they built the site， and exhorted Buddhist lay-followers to expunge Māra-deeds by reciting scriptures， giving alms， and upholding the dharma.

Keywords：Mogao cave 285; murals on the south wall; votive text; Māra-deeds

一 引 言

敦煌莫高窟第285窟是莫高窟北朝洞窟中唯一有確切紀(jì)年的洞窟，主室北壁存西魏大統(tǒng)四年、五年（538、539）的題記，可知此窟開鑿于西魏早期。（剩余8314字）