基于秦漢簡牘的“盈”“滿”考

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中圖分類號：H131 文獻標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號：1673-3851（2025）06-0292-07

Research of "Ying（盈）" and "Man（滿）" in the bamboo slips of Qin and Han

LU Fangge （School of Law and Humanities， Zhejiang Sci-Tech University， Hangzhou 3lOol8，China）

Abstract：Remarkable achievements have been made in the study of "Ying （盈）" and "Man （滿）" in ancient books. A considerable number of "Ying（盈）" and "Man（滿）" are used in Qin and Han bamboo slips，which have not yet attracted enough attention. According to the investigation， " Ying（盈）" and "Man （滿）" constitute a synonymous relationship in the three meanings of suficient，sweling and as a term for Jianchu（建除）respectively，and the last two meanings of "Ying（盈）" are not found in ancient books.In terms of diachronic distribution of lexical meanings，there is a clear diference between "Ying （盈）" and "Man（滿）"，with "Ying（盈）" mainly appearing in Qin and early Western Han bamboo slips， while "Man（滿）" is used from the middle of Western Han bamboo slips. Combining bamboo slips of Qin and Han，and ancient books handed down from the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties，it is concluded that as late as in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty，"Man （滿）" completed the substitution of "Ying （盈）" for the three meanings of sufficient，swellng and as a term for Jianchu （建除）. This is the result of the development of the vocabulary itself and has litle to do with the phenomenon of avoiding "Ying（盈）" in the Han dynasty.

Key words： Ying（盈）；Man （滿）；evolution； replacement；avoiding a taboo word；bamboo slips of Qin and Han

《說文·皿部》記載：“盈，滿器也。（剩余9262字）